India's credit bureau data covers 400M-odd people. That leaves 800M+ adults invisible to traditional scoring, including most gig workers, small business owners, and first-generation earners in their 20s. Your rejection rate on that segment is 90%+, and the ones you do approve default at 4-6x your normal book.
Alternate-data ML changes the shape of this problem. Bank statement analysis, UPI transaction patterns, GST filings, telecom recharge behaviour, device signals all combine into a score that works on thin-file customers. Approve more of the safe ones, reject fewer of them wrongly, price the risky ones for what they cost.